Abstract
Constitutive equations for the back stress in amorphous glassy polymers based on extended forms of the non-Gaussian James-Guth 3-chain and Arruda-Boyce 8-chain models of rubber elasticity are derived from the extended Wu and van der Giessen non-Gaussian full-network model. A simple and invariant constitutive equation for the back stress tensor is then derived from the Wu and van der Giessen model by an average stretch approximation. Although the average stretch model of the full-network amorphous microstructure is more general than other chain cell models in that no specific chain cell morphology is introduced, the constitutive equation is the same as the 8-chain back stress relation.
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